Mortising-machine.



PATENTBD AUG. 2, 1904.

G. A. ENSIGN.

MORTISING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 15, 1904.

5 SHEET8-SHBET 2.

INVENTOR 660i e.fl.Ensi rz 3 ATTOR/VE N0 MODEL.

WITNESSES.

No. 766,607. PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904. G. A. ENSIGN.

MORTISING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1904.

N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETSSHEBT 3.

WITNESSES. N INVENTOR 2 796 .fl. E 725 191 w I s No. 766,607. PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904 G. A. ENSIGN.

MORTISING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1904.

N0 MODEL. 5 sums-sum 4.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904.

G. A. ENSIGN. MORTISING MACHINE.

APPLICATION IILED JAN. 15. 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

N0 MODEL.

INVENTOH 660796 WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES Patented August Q, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE A. ENSIGN, OF 'DEFIANCE, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE DEFIANOE MACHINE WORKS, OF DEFIANOE, OHIO.

MORTlSlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,607, dated August 2, 1904.

Application filed January 15, 1904. Serial No. l89.14 m0 model-l To all whom, it ntrt comwrn:

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. ENSIGN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Defiance, in the county of Defiance and State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Mortising-.\Iacl1ine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to woodworking machinery, and more particularly to mortisingmachines in which the auger revolves in a hollow chisel and reciprocates with the same in an up-and-down direction.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved mortising machine arranged to permit of setting the machine to accurately form the mortise to any desired depth, to cause the mortising-tool to operate automatically and feed at a slow speed into the work and return with a fast positive motion during about one-half of the return stroke, to finish the latter under acquired momentum, and to finally come automatically to a stop at the end of the return stroke to allow convenient shifting of the work by the operator for the next cut.

The invention consists of novel features and parts and combinations of the same, as will be more fully described hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims.

A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure l is a perspective view of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the improvement, showing the working parts at rest. Fig. 3 is a like view of the same, showing the parts in position during the downfeed of the mortising-tools. Fig. at is a similar view of the same, showing the parts in position during the return stroke of the mortising-tools. Fig. 5 is a rear side elevation of the improvement, part of the automatic friction stopping device being shown in section; and Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional plan view of the adjustable guide-head for the shiftinglever.

The woodworking-machine is mounted on a suitably-constructed main frame A, on which is arranged to reciprocate in a vertical direction a cross-head B, carrying a cutting device 0, which, as shown in Fig. 1, consists of a hollow chisel, in which revolves an auger; but other cutting devices may be used, if desired, to cut into the wood, held on an adjustable work-carrier D of any approved construction.

The auger of the cutting device O is driven by a suitable drum E and a belt E, passing over guide-pulleys E to an overhead drivingpulley; but as this driving device and the general construction of the cross-head B and work-carrier I) form no part of my invention further detailed description of the same is not deemed necessary. The drum E is preferably covered at the front of the machine by asuitable hood E, as indicated in Fig. 1.

In order to impart a vertical reciprocating motion to the cross-head B, the following device is provided: On the rear of the crosshead (see F ig. 5) is secured a rack F, in mesh with a pinion F, secured on a transverse shaft F journaled in suitable bearings on the main frame A, and on the said shaft F is secured at worm-wheel F", in mesh with a worm F, secured on the main driving-shaft Got the machine, the said main shaft G being journaled in suitable hearings on the rear side of the main frame A. On the main shaftG are mounted to rotate loosely clutch-pulleys G" and G connected by belts G and G with overhead pulleys arranged for driving the clutch pulleys G and G at different rates of speed, the said belt G being crossed, so that the clutch-pulleys G and G are continually driven in opposite directions. The clutch members(not shown) of the clutch-pulleys G and G are adapted to be alternately engaged by the clutch members H and H of a double clutch, having a hub H connecting the members H and H with each other, said hub being mounted to turn with and to slide on the main shaft G. The hub H of the double clutch is provided with a shifting collar H, engaged by the fork-arm Iof a shifting-lever 1 mounted to swing loosely on a shaft I, journaled in bearings on the main frame A and on which shaft the fork-arm Iis fastened.

- is, its clutch members H and H are both out of engagement with the clutch members of the corresponding clutch-pulleyG or G and hence the rotary motion of the said clutch-pub leys does not affect the double clutch, as the latter and the shaft G are now at a standstill, but when the shifting-lever I is swung upward thenthe double clutch is shifted from the left to the right, so that the clutch member H engages the clutch member of the clutch-pulley G to cause the latter to rotate the double clutch, and consequently the shaft G, in one direction at a slow speed for the worm F, worm-wheel F shaft F pinion F, and rack F to impart a slow downward sliding motion to the cross-head B and the mortising-tools C to move the latter into the work. When the shifting-lever I is swung downward into the position shown in Fig. 4, then the double clutch is shifted from the right to the left, so as to disengage the clutch member H from the clutch member of the clutch-pulley G and to move the clutch member'H in engagement withtheclutch member of the clutchpulley G to cause a rotation of the main shaft G in a reverse direction and at ahigher rate of speed to move the cross-head B quickly upward on the return stroke and the mortising-tools out of the work. The shifting-lever 1 is pivotally connected by a link J with a hand-lever J, fulcrumed at J on the front side of the main frame A, the said hand-lever J being within convenient reach of the operator, so that when it is desired to start the machine the operator swings the front end of the hand-lever downward, so as to cause the link J to swing the shifting-lever I up- WitI'ClfOI engaging the clutch member H with the clutch member of the clutch-pulley G to start the machine and to move the cross-head B on its downward stroke.

In order to stop the downward feeding of the cross-head B atthe time the cutting-tool has reached the desired depth in the wood and to start the cross-head on the return stroke, the following device is provided: On the cross-head B is secured an arm B throu h ed end of the rod K screws a guide-head K provided in its front face with a longitudinally-extending guideway K (see Fig. 6,)

in which is mounted to slide a block. K, pivotally connected by a transverse pivot-pin I with the free end of the shifting-lever 1 so that when the cross-head B moves the last portion of its downstroke and its armB engages the collar K and pushes the same,'and with it the rod K, downward then the adjustable guide-head K moves with the rod K in the same direction and by the block K and pin I imparts a downward swinging motion to the shifting-lever I whereby the double clutch H is shifted from the right to the left, as previously described,to move the clutch member Hout of engagement with the clutch member of the clutch-pulley G and to move the clutch member H in engagement with the clutch member on the clutch-pulley G so that the motion of the main shaft Gris reversed, and consequently the cross-head B is caused to start on its upstroke. as soon as the clutch member H moves out of engagement with the clutch-pulley Gr then the double clutch and the shaftG keep on 'ro- A tating under the acquired momentum until the clutch member H is in contact with the clutch-pulley G and when this takes place the forward motion of the double clutch and the shaft G is arrestedthat is, at the time the cross-head B has reached the end of its downstroke. Now by screwing the rod K up or down in the adjustable guide-head K it is evident that the collar K isset relative to the arm B so that the latter engages the collar sooner or later during the downward stroke of. the cross-head B, and consequently the downward feed of the cross-head B is regulated to a'nicety, according to the depth of 5 It is understood that the mortise to be made by the cutting device ing the collar K, as above described, then the front end of the lever J swings upward;

but the operator does not release the lever J until the double-clutch pulleyis completely shifted from the clutch-pulley G to the clutchpulley G From the foregoing it will be seen that by the operator holding the front end of thehandlever J in a downward position during the entire downstroke of the cross-head B the shifting-lever I is held in operating position relative to the clutch, and the said shiftinglever also holds the rod K in an uppermost position for the arm B to'finally engage the collar K at about the time when the crosshead is near the end of its downstroke.

By the arrangement described the handlever J when pressed and held pressed by the operator forms a sustaining means for the shifting-lever I and the devices connected therewith (the rod K and the double clutch) to resist disengagement of the clutch member H from the clutch-pulley G and to resist the downward movement of the rod K.

The guide-head K as shown in Fig. 5, is in the form of a split nut the split members of which are adapted to be clamped together by a clamping-bolt K, so as to securely hold the guide-head K in position on the threaded end of the rod K. \Vhen the clamping-bolt K is loosened or unscrewed, then the rod K can be turned by the operator so as to screw the rod K up or down in the guide-head K to change the position of the collar K relative to the arm B for the purpose above described. The guide head K is mounted to slide on a bearing K", secured to the main frame A, as plainly illustrated in the drawings, particular reference being had to Fig. 6.

The upper end of the rod K is preferably threaded, and on it screws a guide-nut K mounted to slide in a suitable bearing A, forming part of the main frame A, and on the said rod K below the nut K is coiled a spring K resting on the top of the arm B and adapted to engage the under side of the nut K during the upward stroke of the cross-head B, so as to provide a spring-cushion for the rod K at the time the cross-head B moves into its extreme uppermost position. By this arrangement all undue jar relative to the shifting-lever l and the double friction-clutch is prevented. hen the machine is at rest, as shown in Fig. 2, the rod K is supported by the spring K, resting on the arm B. \Vhen the cross-head B has reached about one-half of its upstroke, then the shifting-lever I is automatically swung upward, so as to move the double clutch into its intermediate position, as previously described, and shown in Fig. 2, to prevent further positive driving of the main shaft (.f and to allow the cross-head B to slide to the end of its upward stroke under the momentum acquired by the double clutch and the shaft G.

For the purpose described the following device is provided: On the front end of the shaft F forming part of the actuating mechanism for the cross-head B, is secured a cam-arm L, adapted to engage one end of a lever L, fulcrumed at L on the main frame A, and on the other end of the said lever L is held asetscrew L", adapted to engage a projection J 3 on the link J, connecting the shifting-lever l with the hand-lever J. Now when the actuating mechanism moves the cross-head B upward then the rotation of the shaft F 2 causes the cam-arm L to impart a swinging motion to the lever L at the time the cross-head is about one-half the distance of its return or upstroke, and the lever L by its set-screw L engaging the projection J causes an upward movement of the link J and a consequent upward swinging motion of the shifting-lever l to move the double friction-clutch from the left to the right into an intermediate position to free the double clutch of both friction-pulleys, and hence thedouble clutch and the main shaft are left free to rotate by their acquired momentum.

From the foregoing it will be seen that when the cross-head B has accomplished about one-half of its return stroke the positive driving of the main shaft G ceases, and hence the cross-head and connected parts finish the remainder of the stroke under the momentum acquired by the double clutch and the shaft G.

In order, however, to stop the cross-head B when reaching the end of its upstroke, the following friction device is provided: A friction-disk N (see Fig. 5) is adapted to move in frictional engagement with a friction-disk N, secured to the main frame A, and the hub of the said friction-disk N is mounted to turn with and to slide lengthwise on the main shaft G. A shifting collar N is arranged on the hub N of the movable friction-disk N, and the said collar N is engaged by a shifting fork N", secured on the rear end of a shaft N extendingtransversely and journaled in suitable bearings arranged on the main frame A. On

the front end of the shaft (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4) is secured an arm 1 provided with a fork N straddling a shifting-lever N engaged by a set-screw N screwing in the fork N of the arm 1 The shiftinglever i 8 is loosely fulcrumed on the shaft N" alongside the arm N, and by having the set-screw N a minute adjustment can be had between the shifting-lever and the arm N to compensate for any wear between the faces of the movable friction-disk N and the fixed friction-disk N.

The upper end of the shifting-lever N is pivotally connected by a link O with an arm P, hung at its upper end at P on the main frame A, and on the said arm P is fulcrumed a lever P pressed by a spring P at one end and supporting at its other end a frictionroller P", adapted to be engaged by a cam B secured to the arm B, attached to the crosshead B. The link O, connecting the shiftinglever N with the arm P, is made in two sec.- tions 0 and O", pivotally connectedwith each other at O and the said sections are provided at their fulcrum ends with knuckles O" and O adapted to abut one against the other when the sections 0 and O are closedthat is, standing in alinement one with the other, as plainly illustrated in Figs. 2 and i. The sections 0 and O are adapted to be opened or swung into such position that the sections stand at angles one to the other, as plainly indicated in Fig. 3, and for this purpose a set-screw J is provided, held on the hand-lever J, the said set-screw being adapted to engage the under side of the section O to swing the latter open, and thereby open the link O.

When the machine is at rest, as shown in Fig. 2, the link O is closed and the frictionroller 1 abuts against the cam B and the movable friction-disk N is at this time in frictional engagement with the fixed frictiondisk N.

When the machine is started by the operator pressing the hand-lever J downward, as previously described, then the set-screw J moves in engagement with the section of the link O to open the link, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the movable friction-disk N moves out of engagement with the fixed disk N. The disks N and N remain disconnected during the d'ownstroke of the cross-head B and also during the time the cross-head B is posi tively moved upward by the gearing described; but when the cross-head B is traveling in the last portion of the upstroke under the force of the momentum, acquired by the double clutch and the shaft G, then the cam B moves in-engagement with the friction-roller P and thereby'imparts a swinging motion to the arm P from the left to the right, so that the link O is shifted in a like direction, and consequently imparts a swinging motion to the shift ing-lever N from the left to the-right, thus turning the shaft N, which by the fork N imparts movement from the left to the right to the disk N to move the latter in frictional contact with the fixed disk N to bring the link 0 is free to close by its own weight, therethe-time the cross-head B moves downward by imparting a swinging motion to the arm P from the right to the left to bring the friction-roller P? in'the path of the cam B when the latter moves upward with the cross-head B during the upstroke of the same.

The arm P is provided with the springpressed lever P to allow swinging this arm at and the lower end of the'cam B comes in contact with the friction-roller Pi thus avoiding undue shock or jar to the arm P, the sectional .link, and the parts connected therewith. It

is further'understood that during the time the friction-roller P is in engagement with the cam-B as shown in Fig. 3, and during the downward stroke of the cross-head B the sectional link remains open, and the link only closes after the cam B has descended far enough to leave the friction-roller P. The

' sectional link 0 then closes by its own weight,

as previously described.

The operation is as follows: When the work Q to be mortised is in proper position on the work-carrier D and while the machine is at rest, as shown in Fig. 2, and it is desired to form anew out, then it is only necessary for the operator to swing the front end of the lever J downward, so as to cause an upward swinging of the shifting-lever I to move the member Hof the double friction-clutch in engagement with the clutch member of the clutch-pulley G. The shaft Gris now rotated, and by the gearing described a downward sliding motion is given to the cross-head B to engage the cutting-tools C with the work to form the mortise. When imparting the swinging motion to the hand-lever J, as described, the set-screw. J opens the link 0 to disengage the movable friction-disk N fromthe fixed frictiondisk N to allow free rotation of the shaft G. When the cross-head moves in the last portion of its downstroke, then the arm B moves in engagement with the collar K and pushes the same downward and with it the rod K, so that a downward swinging motion is given to the shifting-lever I to move the double clutch from the right to the left-that is, to disengage the clutch member H from the clutchpulley Gr and to move the clutch member H in engagement with the clutch-pulley G The motion of the shaft G is now reversed, and the cross-head B is caused to slide upward, thus lifting the tools C gradually out of the work. When the cross-head B has reached about one-half of its upward stroke, then the cam-arm L moves in engagement with the free end of the lever L, so that a swinging motion is given to the latter, and the set-screw L is moved against the projection J to lift the link J, and thereby impart an upward swinging motion to' the shifting-lever 1 to move the double friction-clutch into an intermediate position; but the double clutch and the shaft G keep .on rotating by their acquired momentum until the cross-head B has reached the end of its upstroke. When the crosshead B nears the end of its upstroke, then the cam B acts on the friction-roller P so as to swing the arm P from the left to the right, thus causing a shifting of the friction-disk N into contact with the fixed friction-disk N to finally bring the main shaft Gr to a stop, and consequently the machine to a rest at the time the cross-head B reaches the end of its upward stroke. The operator now shifts the wood relative to the cutting-tools C, and the above-described operation is then repeated.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A woodworking-machine comprising a reciprocating cross-head carrying cuttingmachine at the endof the downst'roke and automatically start the cross-head on the return stroke, means for disconnecting the return driving-gear approximately at the middle of the return stroke of the cross-head, for

the return driving-gear and cross-head to finish the return stroke by the acquired momentum of the return driving-gear, and means, controlled by the cross-head, for stopping the parts at the end of the upward stroke of the cross-head, as set forth.

2. A woodworking-machine comprising a reciprocating cross-head carrying cuttingtools, a main shaft, a gearing connecting the main shaft with the said cross-head, to reciprocate the latter, clutchpulleys rotating loosely in opposite directions on the said main shaft, a double clutch mounted to turn and to slide on the said main shaft and adapted to engage either of the said clutch-pulleys, a shifting-lever for the said double clutch, a hand-lever for actuating the said shiftinglever, to start the machine, for the cross-head to feed the cutting-tools into the work, means controlled by the said cross-head and connected with the said shifting-lever, to reverse the machine at the end of the downstroke and au- 1 tomatically start the cross-head on the return stroke, means for disconnecting the return driving-gear approximately at the middle of the return stroke of the cross-head, for the return driving-gear and cross-head to finish the return stroke by the acquired momentum of the return driving-gear, a friction stopping device for the said main shaft, and means controlled by the cross-head and connected with the said friction stopping device, for actuating the latter, as set forth.

3. A woodworking-machine having a reciprocating cross-head carrying the operatingtool, a driving device for imparting a reciprocating motion to the said cross-head, the driving device being provided with clutchpulleys driven in opposite directions, a double clutch for the said pulleys, a shifting-lever for the said double clutch, a movable rod provided with a stop-collar, adapted to be engaged by the said cross-head to move the rod in one direction, means held lengthwise adjustable on the said rod and pivotally connected with the said shifting-lever, and a handlever connected with the said shifting-lever, for actuating the latter and causing it to move the said rod in a reverse direction, the said allow the head to finish the return stroke under the acquired momentum of the said operating mechanism, and means for automatically stopping the said mechanism at the end of the return stroke, as set forth.

A woodworking-machinc having a head carrying cutting-tools, an automatic operating mechanism having means for positively returning the said head during part of the return stroke, and disconnecting means to allow the head to finish the return stroke under the acquired momentum of the said operating mechanism, a friction device for stopping the said operating mechanism at the end of the return stroke, and an actuating device for the said friction device, controlled by the said head, the said actuating device having a link formed of members connected with each other by a knuckle-joint, capable of closing by its own weight, as set forth.

6. A woodworking-macbine having a head carrying cutting-tools, an automatic operating mechanism having means for positively returning the said head during part of the return stroke, and disconnecting means to allow the head to finish the return stroke under the acquired momentum of the said operating mechanism, a friction device for stopping the said operating mechanism at the end of the return stroke, and an actuating device for the said friction device, controlled by the said head, the said actuating device having a link formed of members connected with each other by a knuckle-joint, capable of closing by its own weight, and a cam on the cross-head, adapted to engage the said link when closed, as set forth.

'7. A woodworking-machine provided with a cross-head carrying cutting-tools, an operating mechanism for the said cross-head, and a friction device for stopping the said operating mechanism and controlled from the said cross-head, the said friction device comprising a fixed member, a movable member mounted to slide on and to turn with one of the rotating parts of the said operating mechanism, a shifting-lever for the said movable member of the friction device, a sectional link connected at one end with the said shifting-lever and having sections connected with each other by a knuckle-joint, an arm mounted to swing on a fixed pivot and pivotally connected with the other end of the said sectional link, and a cam on the said cross-head, adapted to engage the said arm, as set forth.

8. A woodworking-machine provided with a cross-head carrying cutting-tools, an operating mechanism for the said cross-head, and a friction device for stopping the said operating mechanism and controlled from the said cross-head, the said friction device comprisinga fixed member, a movable member mounted to slide on and to turn with one of the rotating parts of the said operating mechanism, a shifting-lever for the said movable member of the friction device, a sectional link connected at one end with the said shifting-lever and having sections connected with each other a cross-head carrying cutting-tools, an operat' ing mechanism for the said cross-head, and a friction device for stopping the said operating mechanismand controlled from the said cross-head, the said friction device comprising a fixed member, a movable member mounted to slide on and to turn with one of the rotating parts of the said operating mechanism, a shifting-lever for the said movable member of the friction device, having adjustable parts, to allow of adjusting the movable friction-device member relative to the fixed friction-device member, a sectional link connected at one end with the said shifting-lever and having sections connected with each other by a knuckle-joint, an arm mounted to swing on a fixed pivot and pivotally connected with the other end of the said sectional link, and a cam on the said cross-head, adapted to engage the said arm, as set forth.

10. Awoodworking-machinehavingacrosshead carrying cutting-tools, a driving device for thesaid head, to feed the latter on its working stroke, a shifting device for the said drivingdevice, and provided with a shifting-lever, and a connection between the said shifting device and the said cross-head, to actuate the shifting device at the time the cutting-tools have finished the mortise to the required depth, the said connection comprising a rod .having a stop-collar adapted to be engaged by the said cross-head, a guideway mounted to slide in the direction of the length of the said rod, a threaded portion of the rod screwing in the said guideway, and a block mounted to slide in the said guideway and pivotally connected with the said shifting-lever of the said shifting device, as set forth.

1 1. A wood working-machine having a crosshead carrying cutting-tools, a driving device for the said head, to feed the latter on its working stroke, a shifting device for the said driving device, and provided with a shifting-lever, and a connection between the said shifting device and the said cross-head, to actuate the shifting device at the time the cutting-tools have finished the mortise to the required depth, the said connection comprising a rod having a stop-collar adapted to be engaged by the said cross-head, an adjustable guideway on the said rod, a blockmounted to slide in the said guideway and pivotally connected with the said shifting-lever of the said shifting device and a spring-cushion for the said rod, as set forth.

12. A woodworking-machine provided with a cross-head carrying cutting-tools, a return driving mechanism for the said cross-head, provided with a clutch-pulley, a clutch and a shifting-lever, and an automatic device controlled by the said return driving mechanism and adapted to actuate the said shifting-lever to throw the clutch out of engagement with the said clutch-pulley, at the time a portion of the return stroke of the cross-head is completed, the said automatic device comprising a revoluble cam-arm moving in unison'with the cross-head and a lever controlled by the said cam-arm and adapted to actuate the said shifting-lever.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE A. ENSIGN.

Witnesses:

Geo. W. DEATRICH, J os. BAUER. 

